Multifarious materials are used in the biomedical domain to relieve the distress of patients due to underlying diseases or injuries by replacing or augmenting any tissues or organs. Specific metallic substrates used as implants have the probability of failure due to corrosion resulting from direct contact with body fluid. Therefore

we aim to conduct a thorough review of numerous coatings currently available to prevent the implants from corroding. The coatings that are fabricated by various techniques are discussed for their effects on mechanical behaviour. It was deduced that the mechanical behaviour relied on the microstructure of the coating surface. Different surface treatment techniques of coatings offered different microstructures to the coatings. We meticulously review the mechanical and biological behaviour of coatings and this comprehensive literature review serves as evidence that the effective fabrication of an ideal coating has remained elusive for researchers

motivating an ongoing endeavour to attain this goal.

IMPACT STATEMENT

We meticulously review the mechanical and bio

logical behaviour of coatings and this comprehensive literature review serves as evidence that the effective fabrication of an ideal coating along with discussions on biological characteristics shown by composites.

Abbreviations:

ALP

alkaline phosphatase activity

bFGF

basic fibroblast growth factor

CHAp

Carbonated Hap

CNT

carbon nanotubes

E

corr

corrosion potential

ECM

extracellular matrix

EIS

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

EPD

electrophoretic deposition technique

F-Hap

fluorinated hydroxyapatite

f-MWCNT

functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes

GO

Graphene Oxide

Hap

hydroxyapatite

HAp/PE

hydroxyapatite/polyethylene

HOS

human osteosarcoma cells

I

corr

corrosion current

MWCNT

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes

PEO

plasma electrolyte oxidation

PLGA

poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)

PMMA

Poly(methyl methacrylate)

PSZ

partially stabilized zirconia

rGO

reduced graphene oxide

SBF

Simulating body fluid

SWCNT

Single-walled carbon nanotubes

TCP

Tri calcium phosphate

TZP

tetragonal zirconia polycrystal

YSZ

Yttria-stabilized Zirconia

ZTA

zirconia toughened alumin