Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is a complex system which involves multiple disciplines

and its output characteristics are affected by many factors. This paper aims to analyze the influences of working temperature

pressure

membrane water content

loading amplitude

and loading speed on its output characteristics. Based on the mathematical model of PEMFC

a voltage dynamic model that considers the electric double layer capacitance effect was established

and simulation was carried out on the Matlab/Simulink platform. Using the self-made air-cooled self-humidified DXFC-200 PEMFC and the fuel cell test system

the actual output volt-ampere curve was fitted to the model output curve

which proved the accuracy and stability of the model. On this basis

a longitudinal single-factor analysis was conducted. Besides

this study also conducted a multi-factor horizontal comparison by using an orthogonal experiment

and analyzed the impact of the operating temperature

pressure

and membrane water content on the output characteristics of the battery in low current region and high current region. Results show that the increase of the temperature

the pressure

and the water content of the membrane

and meanwhile decrease of the loading amplitude and the loading speed in a certain range could effectively improve the battery performance. In low current region

the operating temperature had a more important effect on the output characteristics of the battery. In high current region

the membrane moisture content had a more vital effect on the output characteristics of the battery. The research shows that the model can truly reflect the working characteristics of PEMFC. The study will provide theoretical support for improving battery performance

delaying battery attenuation and formulating fuel cell control strategy.