Integrated Sensing and Communication: Theoretical Foundations and Technological Applications

ZHANG Jun; WANG Baosong; PAN Weiwei; FENG Xiaodong; SUN Zhigang; SUN Hongzhi

doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.DXKX260335

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Integrated Sensing and Communication: Theoretical Foundations and Technological Applications

更新时间：2026-09-30

- Integrated Sensing and Communication: Theoretical Foundations and Technological Applications
- Telecommunications Science (2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  吉林省信息化建设促进中心，吉林长春 130033
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.DXKX260335
  CLC： TN92
- Received：25 May 2026，
  
  Revised：2026-08-01，
  
  Accepted：20 August 2026，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
ZHANG Jun, WANG Baosong, PAN Weiwei, et al. Integrated Sensing and Communication: Theoretical Foundations and Technological Applications[J/OL]. Telecommunications Science, 2026.
DOI：

ZHANG Jun, WANG Baosong, PAN Weiwei, et al. Integrated Sensing and Communication: Theoretical Foundations and Technological Applications[J/OL]. Telecommunications Science, 2026. DOI： 10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.DXKX260335.

摘要

通信感知一体化（ISAC）作为6G关键愿景，旨在通过频谱与硬件的深度共享实现通信与感知融合。本文以该领域十大核心挑战为驱动，沿理论–技术–应用主线展开综述。理论层面，从信息论与估计论联合视角，利用容量-失真函数与克拉美罗界刻画性能折衷，构建多维权衡分析框架。技术层面，系统梳理波形设计谱系，评估基于5G新空口感知的非理想因素与现有对策局限，并综述接收端超分辨率处理进展；进而围绕可重构智能超表面、无人机集群、毫米波/太赫兹与稀疏MIMO等使能技术，揭示其通过补盲、信道耦合调控与突破孔径极限等机制应对核心挑战的效能，同时评述各技术的现实际遇与瓶颈。网络层面，分析感知移动网络架构及由干扰管理向干扰利用的范式转变，探讨跨层协议与资源管理新需求。最后，将方案下沉至低空经济、车联网与智慧工厂进行闭环验证，并对理论难题、硬件瓶颈与标准化方向作出前瞻展望。

Abstract

Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC)

as a key vision for 6G

aims to fuse communication and sensing through deep sharing of spectrum and hardware. Driven by the ten core challenges in this field

this paper presents a systematic survey along the theory–technology–application thread. At the theoretical level

from a joint information-theoretic and estimation-theoretic perspective

the capacity–distortion function and the Cramér–Rao bound are employed to characterize the fundamental performance trade-off

and a multi-dimensional trade-off analysis framework is constructed. At the technical level

the lineage of waveform design methodologies is systematically reviewed; the non-ideal factors and limitations of existing countermeasures for sensing with 5G New Radio signals are assessed

and recent advances in receiver-side super-resolution processing are summarized. Furthermore

enabling technologies including reconfigurable intelligent surfaces

unmanned aerial vehicle swarms

millimeter-wave/terahertz

and sparse MIMO are explored

revealing their efficacy in addressing core challenges through mechanisms such as blind-spot compensation

channel coupling control

and breaking aperture limits

while their practical opportunities and bottlenecks are discussed. At the network level

the architecture of perceptive mobile networks and the paradigm shift from interference management to interference exploitation are analyzed

and the new requirements for cross-layer protocols and resource management are examined. Finally

the proposed solutions are deployed in three typical scenarios—low-altitude economy

Internet of Vehicles

and smart factories—for closed-loop validation

and a forward-looking outlook is provided on the theoretical challenges

hardware bottlenecks

and standardization directions that remain to be tackled.

关键词

Keywords

references

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