Near-field XL-RIS multi-user multi-beam design based on wavenumber-domain projection

XING Dongqin; YU Guicai; XU Zongliang

doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.DXKX260493

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Near-field XL-RIS multi-user multi-beam design based on wavenumber-domain projection

更新时间：2026-09-30

- Near-field XL-RIS multi-user multi-beam design based on wavenumber-domain projection
- Telecommunications Science (2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.青海民族大学智能科学与工程学院，青海西宁 810007
  2.青海民族大学通信工程国家级实验教学示范中心，青海西宁 810007
  3.青海民族大学通信工程重点实验室，青海西宁 810007
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  The National Natural Science Foundation of China(62261056);Science and Engineering Research Project of Qinghai Minzu University (Key Project)(2024XJZD01)
- DOI：10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.DXKX260493
  CLC： TN929.5
- Received：21 July 2026，
  
  Revised：2026-09-14，
  
  Accepted：16 September 2026，
- 稿件说明：
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XING Dongqin, YU Guicai, XU Zongliang. Near-field XL-RIS multi-user multi-beam design based on wavenumber-domain projection[J/OL]. Telecommunications Science, 2026.
DOI：

XING Dongqin, YU Guicai, XU Zongliang. Near-field XL-RIS multi-user multi-beam design based on wavenumber-domain projection[J/OL]. Telecommunications Science, 2026. DOI： 10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.DXKX260493.

摘要

超大规模可重构智能表面（XL-RIS）瑞利距离随表面孔径尺寸增大而增加，传统远场离散傅里叶变换（DFT）角域码本难以准确匹配近场球面波信道，导致角域能量泄漏、多波束焦点失配及反射增益损失。针对上述问题，提出一种基于波数域投影的近场XL-RIS多用户多波束设计方法。首先，建立连续孔径近场信道与恒模反射模型，以刻画球面波传播及远场基失配；其次，利用二维傅里叶波数基投影构造有限维波数域等效矩阵，通过低波数截断保留主要传播模式，给出截断误差上界；最后，在无源恒模约束下，以最大化最小用户频谱效率为目标，采用分块坐标下降与主化最小化（BCD-MM）算法实现多用户联合聚焦。仿真结果表明，所提波数域投影多波束设计具有更高最小用户频谱效率，系统性能随信噪比增大而升高、随用户数增加而降低、随波数截断半径先升后饱和、随XL-RIS孔径面积扩大而提升。该方法为6G智能内生网络中基于信道与位置信息的XL-RIS自适应多波束重构提供一种兼顾性能、低维表示与物理可解释性的设计思路。

Abstract

The Rayleigh distance of extremely large-scale reconfigurable intelligent surface (XL-RIS) increases with its aperture size. Consequently

conventional far-field discrete Fourier transform (DFT) angular-domain codebooks cannot accurately match near-field spherical-wave channels

resulting in angular-domain energy leakage

multibeam focal mismatch

and reflection-gain loss. To address these issues

a wavenumber-domain projection-based multibeam design method was proposed for near-field XL-RIS multiuser communications. First

continuous-aperture near-field channel and constant-modulus reflection models were established to characterize spherical-wave propagation and the basis mismatch induced by the far-field assumption. Second

a finite-dimensional wavenumber-domain equivalent matrix was constructed through projection onto two-dimensional Fourier wavenumber bases. The dominant propagation modes were retained via low-wavenumber truncation

and an upper bound on the truncation error was derived. Finally

under the passive constant-modulus constraint

the minimum user spectral efficiency was maximized

and a block coordinate descent and majorization-minimization (BCD-MM) algorithm was employed to achieve joint focusing for multiple users. The system performance improved with the signal-to-noise ratio

decreased as the number of users increased

first increased and then approached saturation as the wavenumber truncation radius increased

and improved with the XL-RIS aperture area. The proposed method provides a design approach that balances performance

low-dimensional representation

and physical interpretability for adaptive XL-RIS multibeam reconfiguration based on channel and location information in 6G endogenous-intelligence networks.

关键词

Keywords

references

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