Spectral efficiency optimization for rotatable antenna-assisted unmanned aerial vehicle communication systems

LI Yixuan; WANG Ji; LI Xingwang; XU Hongbo; CUI Qimei; LI Lihua

doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-3750.WLW26062

Chinese

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

Spectral efficiency optimization for rotatable antenna-assisted unmanned aerial vehicle communication systems

更新时间：2026-06-30

- Spectral efficiency optimization for rotatable antenna-assisted unmanned aerial vehicle communication systems
- Chinese Journal on Internet of Things (2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.华中师范大学物理科学与技术学院，湖北武汉 430079
  2.北京邮电大学网络与交换技术国家重点实验室，北京 100876
  3.河南理工大学物理与电子信息学院，河南焦作 454003
  4.北京邮电大学信息与通信工程学院，北京 100876
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.11959/j.issn.2096-3750.WLW26062
  CLC： TN929.5
- Received：20 May 2026，
  
  Revised：2026-06-02，
  
  Accepted：30 June 2026，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
LI Yixuan, WANG Ji, LI Xingwang, et al. Spectral efficiency optimization for rotatable antenna-assisted unmanned aerial vehicle communication systems[J/OL]. Chinese Journal on Internet of Things, 2026.
DOI：

LI Yixuan, WANG Ji, LI Xingwang, et al. Spectral efficiency optimization for rotatable antenna-assisted unmanned aerial vehicle communication systems[J/OL]. Chinese Journal on Internet of Things, 2026. DOI： 10.11959/j.issn.2096-3750.WLW26062.

摘要

为实现低空经济场景下的高质量无线通信，本文研究了一种可转向天线（RA，rotatable antenna）技术辅助无人机（UAV，unmanned aerial vehicle）通信系统，借助定向天线的高波束增益和三维转向带来更高的空间自由度来高效接收多个地面用户发送的信号。首先，本文构建了一个最大化最小频谱效率的优化问题。同时，本文研究了动态转向和静态转向两种RA工作模式，分别用于实现更强的波束调控能力和更低的硬件设计难度。针对所构建的非凸原问题，本文提出了一种基于连续凸逼近的高性能迭代算法来联合优化RA转向角度、时间分配以及UAV飞行轨迹。此外，本文还推导出动态转向模式下RA转向角度的闭式最优解。最后，仿真结果验证了所提出的RA辅助UAV通信方案的性能显著优于可移动天线、各向同性天线和固定天线方案。

Abstract

To enable high-quality wireless communications in low-altitude economy scenarios

this paper investigates a rotatable antenna (RA)-assisted unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communication system. By leveraging the high directional gain of directional antennas and the spatial degrees of freedom provided by three-dimensional rotation

the UAV can efficiently receive uplink signals from multiple ground users. First

we formulate an optimization problem to maximize the minimum spectral efficiency among all ground users. Then

we investigate two RA rotation modes

namely the dynamic and static rotation modes

which aim to enhance beam-steering capability and reduce hardware implementation complexity

respectively. To tackle the resulting non-convex problem

we propose an efficient iterative algorithm based on successive convex approximation

where the RA rotation angles

time allocation

and UAV trajectory are jointly optimized. In addition

a closed-form solution for the optimal RA rotation angles is derived for the dynamic rotation mode. Finally

simulation results verify that the proposed RA-assisted UAV communication scheme achieves significantly better performance than conventional movable-antenna

isotropic-antenna

and fixed-antenna schemes.

关键词

Keywords

references

张平 , 牛凯 , 田辉 , 等 . 6G移动通信技术展望 [J ] . 通信学报 , 2019 , 40 ( 01 ): 141 - 148 .

ZHANG P , NIU K , TIAN H , et al . 6G mobile communication technology outlook [J ] . Journal on Communications , 2019 , 40 ( 1 ): 141 - 148 .

赵亚军 , 郁光辉 , 徐汉青 . 6G移动通信网络:愿景、挑战与关键技术 [J ] . 中国科学:信息科学 , 2019 , 49 ( 08 ): 963 - 987 .

ZHAO Y J , YU G H , XU H Q . 6G mobile communication networks: Vision, challenges and key technologies [J ] . Scientia Sinica Informationis , 2019 , 49 ( 8 ): 963 - 987 .

陈新颖 , 盛敏 , 李博 , 等 . 面向6G的无人机通信综述 [J ] . 电子与信息学报 , 2022 , 44 ( 03 ): 781 - 789 .

CHEN X Y , SHENG M , LI B , et al . A survey on UAV communications for 6G [J ] . Journal of Electronics & Information Technology , 2022 , 44 ( 3 ): 781 - 789 .

Gupta L , Jain R , Vaszkun G . Survey of important issues in UAV communication networks [J ] . IEEE communications surveys & tutorials , 2015 , 18 ( 2 ): 1123 - 1152 .

Zeng Y , Zhang R , Lim T J . Wireless communications with unmanned aerial vehicles: Opportunities and challenges [J ] . IEEE Communications magazine , 2016 , 54 ( 5 ): 36 - 42 .

田园 , 吴峰 , 欧阳俊 , 等 . 面向低空经济的无人机通信及标准进展分析 [J ] . 信息通信技术 , 2023 , 17 ( 05 ): 38 - 44 .

张海君 , 夏清悦 , 马旭 , 等 . 6G低空通信场景下无人机部署优化综述 [J ] . 航空学报 , 2025 , 46 ( 11 ): 148 - 173 .

袁雪琪 , 云翔 , 李娜 . 基于 5G 的固定翼无人机应急通信覆盖能力研究 [J ] . 电子技术应用 , 2020 , 46 ( 2 ): 5 - 8 .

YUAN X Q , YUN X , LI N . Coverage capability of fixed-wing UAV emergency communications based on 5G [J ] . Application of Electronic Technique , 2020 , 46 ( 2 ): 5 - 8 .

徐星光 , 王晓峰 , 姚璐 , 等 . 固定翼无人机编队构型与通信拓扑优化 [J ] . Systems Engineering & Electronics , 2022 , 44 ( 9 ).

XU X G , WANG X F , YAO L , et al . Formation configuration and communication topology optimization for fixed-wing UAV swarms [J ] . Systems Engineering and Electronics , 2022 , 44 ( 9 ).

Zeng Y , Zhang R . Energy-efficient UAV communication with trajectory optimization [J ] . IEEE Transactions on wireless communications , 2017 , 16 ( 6 ): 3747 - 3760 .

Yang D , Wu Q , Zeng Y , et al . Energy tradeoff in ground-to-UAV communication via trajectory design [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology , 2018 , 67 ( 7 ): 6721 - 6726 .

Ono F , Ochiai H , Miura R . A wireless relay network based on unmanned aircraft system with rate optimization [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications , 2016 , 15 ( 11 ): 7699 - 7708 .

Zeng Y , Xu J , Zhang R . Energy minimization for wireless communication with rotary-wing UAV [J ] . IEEE transactions on wireless communications , 2019 , 18 ( 4 ): 2329 - 2345 .

Mu X , Liu Y , Guo L , et al . Non-orthogonal multiple access for air-to-ground communication [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Communications , 2020 , 68 ( 5 ): 2934 - 2949 .

Wu Q , Zeng Y , Zhang R . Joint trajectory and communication design for multi-UAV enabled wireless networks [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications , 2018 , 17 ( 3 ): 2109 - 2121 .

王正强 , 青思雨 , 万晓榆 , 等 . IRS 辅助的 NOMA 无人机网络安全速率最大化算法 [J ] . 电子与信息学报 , 2023 , 45 ( 12 ): 4203 - 4210 .

WANG Z Q , QING S Y , WAN X Y , et al . Secrecy rate maximization for IRS-assisted NOMA UAV networks [J ] . Journal of Electronics & Information Technology , 2023 , 45 ( 12 ): 4203 - 4210 .

Pang X , Zhao N , Tang J , et al . IRS-assisted secure UAV transmission via joint trajectory and beamforming design [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Communications , 2021 , 70 ( 2 ): 1140 - 1152 .

Xie W , Li Y , Yu C , et al . Sum rate maximization for self-sustainable IRS-assisted UAV communications [J ] . IEEE Communications Letters , 2022 , 27 ( 2 ): 640 - 644 .

Su Y , Pang X , Chen S , et al . Spectrum and energy efficiency optimization in IRS-assisted UAV networks [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Communications , 2022 , 70 ( 10 ): 6489 - 6502 .

Li Y , Zhang H , Long K , et al . Exploring sum rate maximization in UAV-based multi-IRS networks: IRS association, UAV altitude, and phase shift design [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Communications , 2022 , 70 ( 11 ): 7764 - 7774 .

Zhang X , Zhang H , Du W , et al . IRS empowered UAV wireless communication with resource allocation, reflecting design and trajectory optimization [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications , 2022 , 21 ( 10 ): 7867 - 7880 .

刘文超 , 张徐珲 , 袁伟杰 , 等 . 面向6G的可移动天线赋能无人机通信技术 [J ] . 移动通信 , 2025 , 49 ( 04 ): 90 - 95+134 .

LIU W C , ZHANG X H , YUAN W J , et al . Movable antenna enabled UAV communications for 6G [J ] . Mobile Communications , 2025 , 49 ( 4 ): 90 - 95+134 .

Liu W , Zhang X , Xing H , et al . UAV-enabled wireless networks with movable-antenna array: Flexible beamforming and trajectory design [J ] . IEEE Wireless Communications Letters , 2024 , 14 ( 3 ): 566 - 570 .

Jiang H , Shi W , Chen Z , et al . Dynamic channel modeling of fluid antenna systems in UAV communications [J ] . IEEE Wireless Communications Letters , 2025 .

Abuzgaia N , Salem A , Elbarsha A . FAS Enabled UAV for Energy-Efficient WPCNs [J ] . IEEE Communications Letters , 2025 , 30 : 278 - 281 .

Zheng B , Ma T , You C , et al . Rotatable antenna enabled wireless communication and sensing: Opportunities and challenges [J ] . IEEE Wireless Communications , 2025 .

Xiong X , Zheng B , Wu W , et al . Intelligent rotatable antenna for integrated sensing, communication, and computation: Challenges and opportunities [J ] . IEEE Wireless Communications , 2025 .

Li S , Tang J , Zheng B , et al . Rotatable Antenna System Empowered Low-Altitude Economy: Opportunities and Challenges [J ] . IEEE Wireless Communications , 2025 .

Zheng B , Wu Q , Ma T , et al . Rotatable antenna enabled wireless communication: Modeling and optimization [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Communications , 2026 .

Dai Q , Zheng B , Tan Y , et al . Rotatable Antenna Enabled Covert Communication [J ] . IEEE Wireless Communications Letters , 2026 .

Dai L , Zheng B , Wu Q , et al . Rotatable antenna-enabled secure wireless communication [J ] . IEEE Wireless Communications Letters , 2025 .

Zhou C , You C , Zheng B , et al . Rotatable antennas for integrated sensing and communications [J ] . IEEE Wireless Communications Letters , 2025 .

Zhang X , Xiang L , Wang J , et al . Rotatable antenna array enabled UAV mmWave massive MIMO communication [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Communications , 2025 .

Chen S , Chen G , Shi L , et al . Rotatable antenna meets UAV: Towards dual-level channel reconfiguration paradigm for ISAC [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology , 2026 .

郑倍雄 , 朱韦华 , 武庆庆 , 等 . 可转向天线赋能低空通感融合新范式: 基础原理与未来展望 [J ] . 信号处理 , 2026 , 42 ( 1 ): 45 - 59 .

ZHENG B X , ZHU W H , WU Q Q , et al . New paradigm of low-altitude integrated sensing and communications enabled by rotatable antennas: Fundamentals and future perspectives [J ] . Signal Processing , 2026 , 42 ( 1 ): 45 - 59 .

Xiong X , Zheng B , Wu W , Shao X , Dai L , Zhao M M , et al . Efficient channel estimation for rotatable antenna-enabled wireless communication [J ] . IEEE Wireless Communications Letters , 2025 , 14 ( 11 ): 3719 - 3723 .

Views

下载量

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

提交

Tools

Publicity Resources

Trajectory design and bandwidth allocation strategy in UAV-assisted MEC network

Review of research on security protection technologies for business scenarios in navigation hub infrastructure

Intent-driven dual-time-scale resource allocation approach for Internet of things

Graph reducing method based on deep reinforcement learning

IoT application development and generation: from low-code to AI-native

Related Author

Xue JIANG

Liang ZHAO

Related Institution

Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications

Hangzhou Haovision Technology Co., Ltd.

AI问答

Postal code：100079
Tel：（010）53879206 Email：tmw@bjxintong.com.cn
Technical support is provided by Beijing Founder electronics co., LTD 京ICP备09082226号-64 京公网安备11010602201714号
It is recommended to read the content of this site in Chrome&IE9+. Please switch to extreme mode in browser 360.
Cookies We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content. By continuing, you agree to the use of cookies.

⁰