Study on low-noise acoustic vector sensors

Zhi LI; Hongjuan CHEN; Haigang ZHANG; Junyuan GUO

doi:10.11990/jheu.202506048

Chinese

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

Study on low-noise acoustic vector sensors

Research Article | 更新时间：2026-03-31

- Study on low-noise acoustic vector sensors
- Journal of Harbin Engineering University Vol. 46, Issue 8, Pages: 1650-1659(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.哈尔滨工程大学水声技术全国重点实验室，黑龙江哈尔滨 150001
  2.海洋信息获取与安全工信部重点实验室(哈尔滨工程大学)，工业和信息化部，哈尔滨 150001
  3.哈尔滨工程大学水声工程学院，黑龙江哈尔滨 150001
  4.哈尔滨工程大学三亚南海创新发展基地，海南三亚 572024
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.11990/jheu.202506048
  CLC： TH73 TB565.1
- Received：23 June 2025，
  
  Online First：02 July 2025，
  
  Published：05 August 2025
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
Zhi LI, Hongjuan CHEN, Haigang ZHANG, et al. Study on low-noise acoustic vector sensors[J]. Journal of Harbin Engineering University, 2025, 46(8): 1650-1659.
DOI：

Zhi LI, Hongjuan CHEN, Haigang ZHANG, et al. Study on low-noise acoustic vector sensors[J]. Journal of Harbin Engineering University, 2025, 46(8): 1650-1659. DOI： 10.11990/jheu.202506048.

摘要

低频自噪声过高严重制约了矢量传感器在目标探测领域优势的发挥。为解决这一问题，本文建立了包含压电加速度计和前置放大电路的最小系统噪声分析模型，分析了加速度计及其匹配电路的噪声贡献机制，探讨了压电材料特性、声压灵敏度和电容量等参数对噪声性能的影响规律，据此提出了矢量传感器系统的低噪声设计原则，并研制了基于弛豫铁电单晶的低噪声矢量传感器样机。测试结果表明：样机在100 Hz频点的等效噪声声压级为40.7 dB，较传统压电陶瓷样机降低11.7 dB，与预测值一致；自噪声在20 Hz以上频段全面低于Knudsen SS0，在100 Hz以上进一步低于Wenz’s SS0，验证了低噪声设计方法的有效性。研究成果为矢量传感器在低频弱信号探测领域的工程应用提供了有力的理论依据和技术支撑。

Abstract

Excessive low-frequency self-noise remains the primary bottleneck limiting vector sensor performance in target detection applications. To address this issue

a minimum system noise analysis model incorporating a piezoelectric accelerometer and a preamplifier circuit was established

and the noise contribution mechanisms of both the accelerometer and the coupling circuit were analyzed. The effects of piezoelectric material properties

acoustic pressure sensitivity

and capacitance on noise performance were further investigated. Based on these findings

design principles for low-noise vector sensor systems were proposed

and a prototype based on a relaxor ferroelectric single crystal was developed. Test results indicated that the equivalent noise pressure level at 100 Hz reached 40.7 dB

representing an 11.7 dB reduction compared with a conventional piezoelectric ceramic prototype

and showed good agreement with predicted values. The self-noise remained below Knudsen SS0 across the frequency band above 20 Hz and further below Wenz's SS0 above 100 Hz

confirming the effectiveness of the proposed low-noise design method. These results provide both theoretical and technical support for the engineering application of vector sensors in low-frequency weak signal detection.

关键词

Keywords

references

YANG Shie. Directional pattern of a cross vector sensor array[J]. The journal of the acoustical society of America, 2012, 131(supp4): 3484-3484.

SMITH K B, LEARY P, DEAL T, et al. Acoustic vector sensor analysis of the monterey bay region soundscape and the impact of COVID-19[J]. The journal of the acoustical society of America, 2022, 151: 2507-2520.

孙梅, 周士弘, 李整林. 基于矢量水听器的深海直达波区域声传播特性及其应用[J]. 物理学报, 2016, 65: 094302.

SUN Mei, ZHOU Shihong, LI Zhenglin. Analysis of sound propagation in the direct-arrival zone in deep water with a vector sensor and its application[J]. Acta physica sinica, 2016, 65(9): 147-155.

WANG Chi, YIN Jingwei, HUANG Defeng, et al. Experimental demonstration of differential OFDM underwater acoustic communication with acoustic vector sensor[J]. Applied acoustics, 2015, 91: 1-5.

SCHLOSS F. Accelerometer noise[J]. Sound and vibration, 1993, 27: 22-22.

GABRIELSON T B. Fundamental noise limits for miniature acoustic and vibration sensors[J]. Journal of vibration and acoustics, 1995(4), 117: 405-410.

CRAY B A. Directional acoustic receivers: signal and noise characteristics[C]//Proc. of the Workshop of Directional Acoustic Sensors. 2001.

KELTIE R F. Vector sensor modeling and support bracket design[C]//Proceedings of the Workshop on Directional Acoustic Sensors. Newport RI, 2001.

BUTLER J L, SHERMAN C H. Transducers and arrays for underwater sound[M]. 2nd ed. New York: Springer, 2017. 336-337.

MCCONNELL J A, ABRAHAM B M, JENSEN S C, et al. Acoustic vector sensor having an accelerometer with in-band resonant frequency[P]. US: 9, 016, 129, B2, 2015-04-28.

李俊红, 魏建辉, 马军, 等. ZnO薄膜硅微压电矢量水听器[J]. 声学学报, 2016, 41(3): 273-280.

LI Junhong, WEI Jianhui, MA Jun, et al. ZnO thin film piezoelectric vector hydrophone[J]. Acta acustica, 2016, 41(3): 273-280.

涂馨予, 李俊宝, 刘晓迪. 用于矢量水听器的低频高灵敏度层合梁加速度传感器[J]. 声学学报, 2021, 46(4): 623-632.

TU Xinyu, LI Junbao, LIU Xiaodi. Low-frequency and high-sensitivity laminated beam accelerometer for vector hydrophone [J]. Acta acustica, 2021, 46(4): 623-632.

赵龙江, 冯杰, 冯晖, 等. 用于空气声测量的质点振速传感器[J]. 声学学报, 2015, 40(4): 598-606.

ZHAO Longjiang, FENG Jie, FENG Hui, et al. A particle velocity sensor for airborne sound measurement[J]. Acta acustica, 2015, 40(4): 598-606.

王文龙, 孙芹东, 王超, 等. 大深度复合同振式矢量水听器设计[J]. 国防科技大学学报, 2021, 43(3): 149-158.

WANG Wenlong, SUN Qindong, WANG Chao, et al. Design of large depth combined co-vibrating vector hydrophone[J]. Journal of National University of Defense Technology, 2021, 43(3): 149-158.

杨士莪. 矢量传感器多极子化组合前景[J]. 哈尔滨工程大学学报, 2017, 38(1): 101-102.

YANG Shie. Perspective of multi-pole-forming by vector sensor[J]. Journal of Harbin Engineering University, 2017, 38(1): 101-102.

GUO Xijing, YANG Shie, MIRON S. Low-frequency beamforming for a miniaturized aperture three-by-three uniform rectangular array of acoustic vector sensors[J]. The journal of the acoustical society of America, 2015, 138(6): 3873-3883.

GUO Xijing, MIRON S, YANG Yixin, et al. An upper bound for the directivity index of superdirective acoustic vector sensor arrays[J]. The journal of the acoustical society of America, 2016, 140(5): EL410-EL415.

李智. 低噪声矢量水听器设计及其校准方法研究[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工程大学, 2017.

LI Zhi. Design of low noise vector hydrophone and its calibration method[D]. Harbin: Harbin Engineering University, 2017.

李智, 杨士莪, 陈洪娟. 压电矢量传感器的低噪声设计[J]. 声学学报, 2018, 43(4): 432-444.

LI Zhi, YANG Shie, CHEN Hongjuan. Low-noise design of piezoelectric vector sensor[J]. Acta acustica, 2018, 43(4): 432-444.

李智, 陈洪娟, 张虎. 双通道传递函数法测量矢量水听器自噪声[J]. 声学技术, 2017, 36(6): 602-605.

LI Zhi, CHEN Hongjuan, ZHANG Hu. Self-noise measurement of vector sensor by using dual-channel transfer function method[J]. Technical acoustics, 2017, 36(6): 602-605.

LI Zhi, CHEN Hongjuan. Method for measuring self-noise of vector hydrophones[J]. Journal of marine science and application, 2017, 16(3): 370-374.

WLODKOWSKI P A, SCHLOSS F. Advances in acoustic particle velocity sensors[C]. Proceedings of the Workshop on Directional Acoustic Sensors. Newport, 2001.

LI Z. Development of Low-noise Vector Sensor using Bending Mode Relaxor Ferroelectric Single Crystal Materials[C]. 5th Underwater Acoustics Conference and Exhibition. Hersonissos CRETE, 2019: 955-961.

LI Z, YANG S E, WANG S H, et al. Development of a new kind low frequency low-noise vector sensor[J]. Sensors and actuators a: physical, 2020, 301: 111743.

李智, 杨士莪. 水声矢量传感器研究进展与挑战[J]. 仪器仪表学报, 2024, 45(11): 1-19.

Li Zhi, Yang Shi'e. Advances and challenges in underwater acoustic vector sensors[J]. Chinese journal of scientific instrument, 2024, 45(11): 1-19.

KNUDSEN V O R, ALFORD R S, EMLING J W. Underwater ambient noise[J]. Journal of Marine Research, 1948, 7(3): 410-429.

WENZ G M. Acoustic ambient noise in the ocean: spectra and sources[J]. The journal of the acoustical society of America, 1962, 34(12): 1936-1956.

Views

107

下载量

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

提交

Tools

Publicity Resources

Piezoelectric micro-electromechanical systems sensing microsystem for underwater feature information detection

Performance evaluation of a vector sound pressure combination vertical array for a small platform

Related Author

Shengchun PIAO

Yahui LEI

Qiang ZHANG

Xuanzuo GE

Deyong LI

Qifeng JIN

Lijie CHEN

Yadong LIU

Related Institution

Acoustic Science and Technology Laboratory, Harbin Engineering University

The 14th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group

Key Laboratory of Marine Information Acquisition and Security (Harbin Engineering University), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology

AI问答

Postal code：100079
Tel：（010）53879206 Email：tmw@bjxintong.com.cn
Technical support is provided by Beijing Founder electronics co., LTD 京ICP备09082226号-64 京公网安备11010602201714号
It is recommended to read the content of this site in Chrome&IE9+. Please switch to extreme mode in browser 360.
Cookies We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content. By continuing, you agree to the use of cookies.

⁰