The relative motion displacement between the teeth of aviation spline under vibration condition was deduced based on the Archard wear theory. The wear of experimental spline was predicted with consideration of the cycle of working conditions and the vibration displacement

and the aviation spline wear experiment rig was set up. Theoretical prediction indicated that wearing capacity linearly increased with the wear coefficient and transmitted torque

decreased with the tooth number and hardness

and nonlinearly increased with the vibration. The experimental results were in good agreement with the simulation results

but the results had a certain fluctuation at the wear initial stage and a certain deviation at the wear later stage

owing to the deviation of spline manufacturing and installation

simplification of theoretical model and the complex working conditions of spline. Vibration has a decisive influence on spline wear

so it is necessary to control the rotor amplitude of internal and external spline and improve the dynamic balance level of spline rotor design

which can effectively reduce spline wear.