In vehicular networking applications

Mobile Ad hoc networks (MANETs) enable dynamic

infrastructure-free connectivity for multi-node mobile scenarios. Frequent topology changes

however

challenge routing protocols in delivering quality of service (QoS) for diverse applications. We propose inhanced Ad-hoc on-demand distance vector multipath (I-AOMDV)

an enhanced multipath routing protocol using a primary-backup strategy to meet stringent QoS demands in dynamic vehicular environments. Whereas AOMDV relies on hop count

I-AOMDV integrates hop count

bandwidth

and path stability into a QoS-aware framework for optimized path selection. Extensive NS-2 simulations demonstrate that I-AOMDV surpasses AOMDV under high mobility

improving data packet delivery by up to 22% and cutting voice service latency by 8–15%

even in high-mobility scenarios. By addressing vehicular networking needs for latency

reliability

and bandwidth

I-AOMDV delivers a scalable

efficient routing solution.