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1.华中科技大学 武汉光电国家研究中心, 武汉 430074
2.华中科技大学 光学与电子信息学院, 武汉 430074
3.中国电科芯片技术研究院, 重庆 400060
Received:12 December 2025,
Revised:2026-01-26,
Accepted:27 January 2026,
Published:25 March 2026
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黄烨,于源,庾财斌,等. 片上高Q微环谐振器及其微波光子学应用(特邀)[J].光子学报,2026,55(3):0355101
HUANG Ye, YU Yuan, YU Caibin, et al. On-chip High-Q Micro-ring Resonators and Their Applications in Microwave Photonics (Invited)[J]. Acta Photonica Sinica, 2026, 55(3):0355101
黄烨,于源,庾财斌,等. 片上高Q微环谐振器及其微波光子学应用(特邀)[J].光子学报,2026,55(3):0355101 DOI: 10.3788/gzxb20265503.0355101. CSTR: 32255.14.gzxb20265503.0355101.
HUANG Ye, YU Yuan, YU Caibin, et al. On-chip High-Q Micro-ring Resonators and Their Applications in Microwave Photonics (Invited)[J]. Acta Photonica Sinica, 2026, 55(3):0355101 DOI: 10.3788/gzxb20265503.0355101. CSTR: 32255.14.gzxb20265503.0355101.
片上高
Q
微环谐振器凭借其小尺寸、窄带宽及灵活调谐等特性,成为微波光子学领域实现高性能滤波器、延迟线、频率梳及信号处理等核心功能的关键元件,近年来得到广泛的关注与研究。本文围绕片上高
Q
微环谐振器的设计及其在微波光子学领域的应用展开综述。首先,阐述高
Q
微环谐振器的基本结构特征、理论分析方法及关键性能参数,为理解和设计高
Q
微环谐振器提供理论基础。其次,从材料平台选择、制造工艺优化和波导结构设计三个角度讨论高
Q
微环谐振器的实现方法,并汇总其研究进展。进而,重点分析其在微波光子滤波器、光电振荡器等微波光子系统中的典型应用。最后,总结其面临的主要挑战,并对其未来发展进行展望。
On-chip high-Q Micro-Ring Resonators (MRRs) have emerged as essential building blocks for high-performance microwave photonic systems, thanks to their compact footprint, narrow resonance bandwidth, and excellent tunability. They are widely employed in applications such as ultra-narrowband Microwave Photonic Filters (MPFs) for channel selection in radio-over-fiber networks, low-phase-noise Optoelectronic Oscillators (OEOs) for high-frequency microwave signal generation, and broadband optical frequency combs for high-resolution spectroscopy and microwave-to-optical conversion. Recent advances have focused on pushing
Q
factors into the multi-million range or even higher to further enhance device performance. This paper reviews the fundamental principles, design strategies, and material considerations for on-chip high-Q MRRs, with emphasis on their integration and practical deployment in these representative microwave photonic applications.
The
Q
factor of a MRR characterizes the energy storage capability and loss level within the optical cavity. A higher
Q
indicates a longer photon lifetime, lower round-trip loss, and a narrower resonance linewidth. In microwave photonic system, this translates into a narrower filtering bandwidth of MPFs, a lower phase noise of OEOs, and enhances nonlinear optical effects. Accordingly, we present a detailed discussion of the fundamental structure, theoretical framework, and key parameters of high-Q MRRs, establishing a solid foundation for their design and optimization. From a coupling perspective, MRR b
ehavior can be understood via two complementary models: power coupling and energy coupling, which correspond to frequency-domain steady-state analysis and time-domain transient analysis, respectively.
Subsequently, we elaborate on implementation strategies for high‑Q MRRs from three key aspects: material platform selection (including silicon, silicon nitride, lithium niobate, and lithium tantalate), fabrication process optimization, and waveguide engineering. A cross‑platform comparison is carried out to evaluate material systems in terms of refractive index contrast, optical transparency window, nonlinear optical properties, and fabrication maturity. This analysis reveals the inherent trade‑offs among platforms—for instance, silicon offers high index contrast and mature CMOS compatibility but suffers from two‑photon absorption in the telecom band, whereas silicon nitride exhibits broad transparency and ultralow loss, albeit requiring more advanced processing to reach ultrahigh
Q
values. On the waveguide engineering front, techniques such as adiabatic width tapering, Matched bend, Euler bend, and Bezier bend are employed to minimize radiative and bending losses, enabling smooth mode transitions and supporting ultrahigh‑Q operation in compact footprints. Recent progress in high‑Q MRR development across these material platforms is also reviewed.
Furthermore, we examine the typical implementations of high‑Q MRRs in microwave photonic systems, with a particular focus on MPFs and OEOs. For MPFs, we begin by highlighting the potential of ultra‑high‑Q MRRs with large Free Spectral Range (FSR) in constructing ultra‑narrowband, widely tunable MPFs. We then review various system architectures developed to achieve ultra‑high out‑of‑band rejection and high reconfigurability. However, for real‑world RF applications, MRR‑based MPFs still require significant improvement in key RF performance metrics such as insertion loss, Noise Figure (NF), and Spurious-Free Dynamic Range (SFDR). Regarding OEOs, we discuss developments in on‑chip OEOs based on MRR, as well as emerging PT‑symmetry breaking schemes that eliminate the requirement for additional narrowband optical or electrical filters. In recent years, on‑chip integrated OEOs have made notable progress in frequency tuning range, Side‑Mode Suppression Ratio (SMSR), and system compactness. However, the limited on‑chip effective delay, combined with additional noise introduced by active components, results in overall phase noise performance that remains considerably higher than that of discrete fiber‑based systems—particularly evident at intermediate and low frequency offsets. We also summarize recent progress in fully integrated on‑chip MPFs and OEOs, which is of great significance for achieving compact, lightweight microwave photonic systems.
Prospectively, high‑Q MRR‑based microwave photonic devices are poised to transition into practical use across a range of fields, including radar signal processing, 5 G/6 G wireless communications, and RF signal generation. By leveraging programmable architectures and adaptive control schemes, these devices can simultaneously achieve miniaturization, low power consumption, and high performance. This progress is expected to drive the broader adoption of microwave photonics in cutting‑edge domains such as telecommunications, national defense, aerospace, and intelligent sensing, while gradually narrowing the performance gap between on chip solutions and discrete high performance systems.
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