PENG Yu, GUI Lin, WANG Jinke. Visible Light Positioning Method Using the Angular Offset model of LED for Fingerprint Database Generation[J]. Acta Photonica Sinica, 2026, 55(7):0712004
PENG Yu, GUI Lin, WANG Jinke. Visible Light Positioning Method Using the Angular Offset model of LED for Fingerprint Database Generation[J]. Acta Photonica Sinica, 2026, 55(7):0712004 DOI: 10.3788/gzxb20265507.0712004. CSTR: 32255.14.gzxb20265507.0712004.
Visible Light Positioning Method Using the Angular Offset model of LED for Fingerprint Database Generation
Indoor visible light positioning (VLP) faces significant accuracy degradation due to unintentional LED angular offsets (e.g., during installation or manufacturing). Traditional solutions, such as fine-grained fingerprint databases or neural networks, require extensive offline data collection of angle information, leading to high deployment costs and limited scalability. This study aims to propose a robust, data-efficient method to estimate and compensate for LED angle offsets without offline angle measurements, thereby enhancing VLP accuracy under diverse noise conditions.
Methods
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The proposed framework, SQP-NAPSO, integrates, Angle Offset Estimation: SQP (Sequential Quadratic Programming)solves a constrained nonlinear optimization problem derived from the Lambertian model to estimate initial azimuth and tilt angles.NA-PSO (Nonlinear Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization)resolves SQP’s multi-solution ambiguity by fixing the azimuth direction using the indoor point of maximum RSS. NA-PSO enhances convergence and global search via nonlinear adaptive inertia weights and dynamic learning factors. Positioning: The estimated angles refine the Lambertian model to generate an online fingerprint database without offline angle collection. WKNN (Weighted k-Nearest Neighbors) leverages the refined model for robust localization. Experiments validated the method under 10–50 dB SNR, comparing it against baseline approaches: traditional WKNN/KNN, fine-grained WKNN (with offline angle data), and RBF neural networks.Results and Discussions Angle Estimation: NA-PSO outperformed PSO, Greedy Algorithm, and Simulated Annealing in azimuth search accuracy (mean error: 4.4° vs. 13.4°–36.1°). SQP-NAPSO reduced tilt/azimuth estimation errors by 86.1% and 90.7% versus fine-grained WKNN at 40–50 dB SNR. Positioning Accuracy: Mean localization error decreased by 57.3% compared to traditional WKNN/KNN. At 40–50 dB SNR, accuracy improved by 81.4% over fine-grained WKNN (requiring 714k offline data points vs. 63 RSS samples for SQP-NAPSO). In high noise (10–20 dB), accuracy matched fine-grained WKNN while reducing data dependency. Outperformed RBF neural networks: at 20 dB SNR, median CDF error improved by 16.7% and 90th-percentile error by 40.8%. Robustness: Maintained stability across initial angle offsets (e.g., [45°, 10°], [60°, 5°]) and SNR levels. Angle correction suppressed RSS distortion from attitude perturbations, enhancing spatial continuity in fingerprint maps.
Conclusions
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The SQP-NAPSO method effectively addresses LED angular offsets in VLP systems by: Eliminating costly offline angle data collection, Leveraging model-based optimization for accurate angle estimation under noise (10–50 dB SNR), Achieving >57% positioning error reduction versus classical methods and >81% versus data-intensive fingerprinting. This approach balances high accuracy, computational efficiency, and deployment practicality, making it suitable for real-world indoor positioning applications. Future work may optimize real-time implementation and multi-LED scenarios.
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references
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