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1.太原理工大学 物理与光电工程学院, 太原 030024
2.山西传媒学院 信息工程学院 晋中 030600
Received:10 April 2026,
Revised:2026-07-13,
Accepted:14 July 2026,
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张玮桢,卢本出,蔡冬梅,等. 频域互补的混合相位屏高效模拟方法[J].光子学报,2026,55(8):0801001
ZHANG Wenzhen, LU Benchu, CAI Dongmei, et al. Hybrid Phase Screen Simulation Method Based on Frequency-domain Complementarity with High Efficiency[J]. Acta Photonica Sinica, 2026, 55(8):0801001
张玮桢,卢本出,蔡冬梅,等. 频域互补的混合相位屏高效模拟方法[J].光子学报,2026,55(8):0801001 DOI: 10.3788/gzxb20265508.0801001. CSTR: 32255.14.gzxb20265508.0801001.
ZHANG Wenzhen, LU Benchu, CAI Dongmei, et al. Hybrid Phase Screen Simulation Method Based on Frequency-domain Complementarity with High Efficiency[J]. Acta Photonica Sinica, 2026, 55(8):0801001 DOI: 10.3788/gzxb20265508.0801001. CSTR: 32255.14.gzxb20265508.0801001.
针对功率谱法在有限口径下模拟大气湍流相位屏存在的低频缺失问题,提出一种基于频域互补的混合相位屏高效模拟方法。通过对Zernike模式频域响应特性及功率谱法采样频域特点的深入分析,确定了二者在频域上的互补关系。基于此,采用去掉piston项的前6项Zernike多项式(对应径向阶数
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)重构低频分量,并与功率谱法生成的高频相位分量线性叠加,得到高、中、低频成分都充足的相位屏。数值实验结果表明,该方法生成的相位屏在视觉上兼具大尺度起伏与高频细节。对5000帧相位屏进行统计分析,其相位结构函数统计值与理论值吻合较好,Zernike系数方差与理论结果保持一致。进一步在不同湍流参数下验证了该方法的低频补偿效果及统计一致性,通过多种评价指标与其他方法进行了对比分析。该方法在保证相位屏统计特性准确的同时,计算效率显著提升,相较于传统的谐波补偿法,避免了多次快速傅里叶变换,计算复杂度大幅降低。对
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大小的相位屏,模拟速度提升了20.82倍,尤其适用于高分辨率、大样本的大气湍流相位屏快速模拟。
The power spectrum method is widely used for its high efficiency in reconstructing high-frequency components of turbulence. However, the power spectrum method suffers from a significant limitation: it fails to adequately sample low-frequency components due to the finite size of the simulation aperture. This inherent constraint leads to a severe truncation of the energy concentrated at large scales, resulting in a discrepancy between the simulated phase screens and the physical reality of atmospheric turbulence. Consequently, there exists a contradiction between the physical modeling requirements, which necessitate the inclusion of large-scale eddies, and the numerical implementation constraints. To address this long-standing challenge of low-frequency deficiency in the power spectrum method, this paper proposes a hybrid simulation method that leverages the frequency-domain complementarity between the Zernike polynomial method and the power spectrum method. The primary objective of this research is to develop an algorithm that can accurately reconstruct the low-frequency components missing in the power spectrum method while maintaining high computational efficiency, thereby resolving the conflict between physical fidelity and numerical feasibility.The proposed method is grounded in a rigorous theoretical analysis of the frequency-domain response characteristics of Zernike polynomials and the sampling mechanism of the power spectrum method. By deriving the analytical relationship between the Zernike mode response functions and the Modified Von Kármán (MVK) turbulence spectrum, we establish a quantitative criterion for seamless frequency-domain stitching. The core methodology decomposes the total phase screen into two distinct components: a low-frequency component and a high-frequency component. The low-frequency component, which corresponds to the energy peak of the MVK spectrum typically located below the minimum sampling frequency of the power spectrum method, is precisely reconstructed using a finite number of low-order Zernike polynomials. Through numerical analysis of the Zernike response function peaks, we determine that the first six Zernike polynomials (excluding the piston term) are sufficient to cover the low-frequency blind spot. This Zernike-reconstructed low-frequency phase is then linearly added to the high-frequency phase component generated by the standard power spectrum method. This hybrid approach ensures that the transition between the modal expansion (Zernike) and the spectral sampling (the power spectrum method) is smooth and physically consistent, effectively bridging the gap between the two methods.To validate the performance of the proposed method, extensive numerical experiments were conducted. Statistical analyses were performed on 5,000 phase screens. The results demonstrate that the generated phase screens exhibit rich high-frequency details as well as distinct large-scale low-frequency undulations, visually aligning with the expected physical behavior. Quantitatively, the calculated phase structure functions show excellent agreement with the theoretical MVK model across the entire frequency range, effectively correcting the statistical deviations observed in traditional PSRM at low frequencies. Furthermore, the variance of the Zernike coefficients derived from the simulated screens strictly adheres to the theoretical statistical laws predicted by Noll's theory. Comparative studies regarding computational efficiency reveal that the proposed method is significantly better than traditional subharmonic compensation techniques. By eliminating the need for multiple Fast Fourier Transforms (FFTs) required by subharmonic methods, the computational complexity is highly reduced. The tests also indicate that the proposed method is approximately 10 to 20 times faster than the power spectrum method with subharmonic compensation, particularly for high-resolution simulations.In conclusion, this study successfully resolves the low-frequency component deficiency inherent in the power spectrum method through a hybrid strategy based on frequency-domain complementarity. The proposed algorithm provides a robust solution that reconciles the physical requirements of atmospheric turbulence modeling with the practical constraints of numerical simulation. By utilizing the first six Zernike polynomials to compensate for the missing low frequencies, the method achieves high-fidelity simulation results without introducing redundant calculations or complex iterations. This approach not only ensures the statistical accuracy of the phase screens, as evidenced by the structure functions and coefficient variances, but also provides a practical and optimal solution for applications that demand massive datasets or real-time processing capabilities in optical engineering and atmospheric physics.
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