Investigation of Phase Noise Compensation Methods for Optical Frequency Transfer

DENG Xue; XUE Wenxiang; HE Zaimin; GUANG Wei; ZHANG Xiang; JIAO Dongdong

doi:10.3788/gzxb20265508.0806002

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Investigation of Phase Noise Compensation Methods for Optical Frequency Transfer

更新时间：2026-07-15

- Investigation of Phase Noise Compensation Methods for Optical Frequency Transfer
- Acta Photonica Sinica Pages: 1-10(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.西安邮电大学通信与信息工程学院，西安 710121
  2.陕西省信息通信网络及安全重点实验室，西安 710121
  3.陕西高校青年创新团队，西安 710121
  4.中国科学院国家授时中心，西安 710600
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  National Natural Science Foundation of China(12403078;12303077);Xi'an Association for Science and Technology Young Talent Support Program Project(0959202513075);the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(2024GX-ZDCYL-01-28;2025CY-YBXM-0060);the Sanqin Talents' Special Support Program(09R0557A00);the Shaanxi Provincial Outstanding Young Scientist Fund Project(2025JC-JCQN-082);the Shaanxi Province Qin Chuangyuan "Scientist + Engineer" Team Construction Project(2025QCY-KXJ-162)
- DOI：10.3788/gzxb20265508.0806002
  CLC： O439
- CSTR：32255.14.gzxb20265508.0806002
- Received：01 April 2026，
  
  Revised：2026-06-03，
  
  Accepted：01 July 2026，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
邓雪，薛文祥，何在民，等. 光学频率传递相噪补偿方法研究［J］.光子学报，2026，55（8）：0806002

DENG Xue， XUE Wenxiang， HE Zaimin， et al. Investigation of Phase Noise Compensation Methods for Optical Frequency Transfer［J］. Acta Photonica Sinica， 2026， 55（8）：0806002
邓雪，薛文祥，何在民，等. 光学频率传递相噪补偿方法研究［J］.光子学报，2026，55（8）：0806002 DOI： 10.3788/gzxb20265508.0806002. CSTR： 32255.14.gzxb20265508.0806002.

DENG Xue， XUE Wenxiang， HE Zaimin， et al. Investigation of Phase Noise Compensation Methods for Optical Frequency Transfer［J］. Acta Photonica Sinica， 2026， 55（8）：0806002 DOI： 10.3788/gzxb20265508.0806002. CSTR： 32255.14.gzxb20265508.0806002.

摘要

提出一种增强型相噪补偿方法，将实时相噪消除技术与后处理算法相结合，在时间上对齐补偿信号与噪声信号后再进行二次抵消，能够降低路径时延影响，进而提升系统噪声抑制能力。仿真与实验验证，所提方法传递精度较传统被动补偿方案提升了4倍，可用于支持远程原子钟比对等光频传递应用场景。

Abstract

Phase noise induced by transmission media， such as optical fiber or free-space， is a primary factor influencing the quality of transferred optical signals. Conventional active or passive noise cancellation schemes are fundamentally limited by the intrinsic round-trip propagation delay of their transfer links， resulting in a degradation of phase-locked loop bandwidth and suppression capability as the transmission distance increases. This paper proposes an enhanced compensation method that synergistically combines real-time cancellation with post-processing. By temporally

aligning the compensation signal with the noise signal before cancellation， the impact of fiber delay is reduced， thereby improving noise suppression performance.The proposed enhanced phase noise compensation method is applicable to both active and passive noise cancellation schemes. It utilizes an additional measurement of the free-running beat signal alongside the real-time compensation signal. By taking the difference between the phase of the free-running beat signal and that of the real-time compensation signal with a delay of 1.5

， a correction signal is generated. At the user end， the transmitted signal is delayed by 0.5

and differentially processed with the correction signal to achieve enhanced phase noise suppression. In the passive compensation scheme， the free-running signal itself serves as the compensation signal， which is delayed by 1.5

. Theoretical analysis reveals that the noise suppression capability of the proposed method is 4 times that of the conventional active scheme and 28 times that of the passive scheme.To validate the method， a 300 km fiber - based optic frequency transfer simulation was conducted. The fiber was divided into 30 segments to model phase noise accumulation during laser transmission， and a phase noise model based on the power spectral density characteristics of actual fiber links was adopted. The simulation was performed with a sampling rate of 20 kHz and 10

sampling points. The results demonstrate that the proposed enhanced method significantly outperforms conventional active and passive compensation techniques. The simulation results show that the Modified Allan Deviation （MDEV） at an averaging time of 1 second is 2.8 × 10

-13

for the free-running link， 1.6 × 10

-15

for the passive method， 8.0 × 10

-16

for the active method， and 3.3 × 10

-16

for the enhanced method， representing an improvement over the active method and a factor of four over the passive method.The me

thod was also verified on a 490 km communication fiber link. The real-time transferred signal and the free-running in-loop signal were simultaneously measured using the same frequency counter. By post-adjusting their relative delay according to the proposed method and taking their difference， enhanced phase noise suppression was achieved. The relative delay was adjusted using the counting measurement interval of 1 ms， with the nearest achievable delay being 1.41

. The instability of the proposed enhanced suppression scheme is significantly improved compared to the conventional passive locking method， with an ADEV improvement factor of approximately 4.37 at 1 second， thereby validating the effectiveness of the scheme.The study also investigated the impact of time synchronization deviations between the two ends of the link on compensation performance and simulated the suppression of cycle slips caused by the limited dynamic range of the phase detector in the active scheme. Regarding time synchronization accuracy， optimal enhancement is achieved when δτ = 1.5

. Deviations within ±0.1

maintain 90% of the optimal performance， corresponding to approximately 0.15 milliseconds for a 300 km fiber link—a technically achievable requirement. Furthermore， the proposed method effectively eliminates cycle slips induced by the limited dynamic range of the phase detector through post-processing， thereby further improving transfer accuracy.In summary， this paper proposes an enhanced phase noise compensation method for optical frequency transfer links. By performing real-time compensation of the transmitted signal at the local end， measuring the phase noise compensation correction signal， and subsequently removing the correction signal from the transmitted signal via post-processing， the method significantly improves link performance. Simulations and practical experiments validate the theoretical derivations. The results show that the transfer instability of the proposed method

is four times better than that of conventional passive schemes. The study also analyzes the impact of time synchronization errors on system performance and verifies the suppression of cycle slips. This method is applicable to high-precision optical frequency transfer systems and provides a valuable reference for research and development in related fields.

关键词

Keywords

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