High-sensitivity laser-photoacoustic spectroscopy for the detection of dissolved CH<sub>4</sub> and CO in oil based on a single laser

MO Bingyu; WANG Haiting; LI Shenglong; LI Chenxi; Chen Ke

doi:10.3788/gzxb20265508.0830001

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High-sensitivity laser-photoacoustic spectroscopy for the detection of dissolved CH₄ and CO in oil based on a single laser

更新时间：2026-07-15

- High-sensitivity laser-photoacoustic spectroscopy for the detection of dissolved CH₄ and CO in oil based on a single laser
- Acta Photonica Sinica Pages: 1-9(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.国网青海省电力公司电力科学研究院，西宁，青海 810008
  2.江南大学光电信息与物理科学学院无锡 214122
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  State Grid Qinghai Electric Power Company Science and Technology Project(52280725000W)
- DOI：10.3788/gzxb20265508.0830001
  CLC： O433
- CSTR：32255.14.gzxb20265508.0830001
- Received：16 March 2026，
  
  Revised：2026-05-28，
  
  Accepted：05 June 2026，
- 稿件说明：
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MO Bingyu, WANG Haiting, LI Shenglong, et al. High-sensitivity laser-photoacoustic spectroscopy for the detection of dissolved CH₄ and CO in oil based on a single laser[J/OL]. Acta Photonica Sinica, 2026, gz26-0125 DOI: 10.3788/gzxb20265508.0830001. CSTR: 32255.14.gzxb20265508.0830001.
DOI：

MO Bingyu, WANG Haiting, LI Shenglong, et al. High-sensitivity laser-photoacoustic spectroscopy for the detection of dissolved CH₄ and CO in oil based on a single laser[J/OL]. Acta Photonica Sinica, 2026, gz26-0125 DOI: 10.3788/gzxb20265508.0830001. CSTR: 32255.14.gzxb20265508.0830001. DOI：

摘要

为了实现变压器油中溶解痕量气体的高精度检测，本文针对CH

和CO两种典型故障特征气体，设计了基于单激光器的多次反射型激光光声光谱检测系统。不同于激光器数量与目标气体一一匹配的激发方式，通过光谱分析，选择中心波长为2334 nm的单个激

光器检测CH

和CO双组份气体，有效降低了光声光谱气体检测系统的成本。使用差分光声池结构，降低系统的同相位噪声和干扰。将多次反射结构与差分光声池相结合以提高激发光与气体的相互作用距离，进一步增强光声信号。使用加湿器保持待测气体的湿度稳定，避免系统在变湿度环境下发生信号波动。系统对CH

和CO的检测极限分别达到123和273 nL/L，且对100 μL/L CO和100 μL/L CH

的响应时间分别为14 s和11 s，体现了系统的快速响应能力。

Abstract

The accurate detection and analysis of trace amounts of CH

and CO dissolved in transformer oil plays an important role in the diagnosis of transformer faults. With the continuous development of photoacoustic （PA） spectroscopy （PAS）， its advantages in the field of dissolved gas analysis （DGA） in transformer oil are becoming increasingly prominent. In traditional laser PAS gas detection systems， there is a one-to-one correspondence between the analyte and the laser. However， the number of lasers significantly impacts the cost of multi-component PAS detection systems. To achieve high-precision detection and reduce costs， a multi-pass laser PAS detection system is proposed based on a single-laser for the detection of two typical characteristic gases， CH

and CO.Unlike excitation methods that match the number of lasers to the number of target gases， this system used a single laser to detect CH

and CO， thus effectively reducing the cost of PA gas detection systems. Taking into account the absorption coefficients of the gas being tested and the cross-interference of other dissolved gas components in the transformer oil， the absorption lines of CH₄ and CO were selected as 2333.98 nm and 2333.72 nm， respectively. At this wavelength， the CH₄ signal was almost unaffected by cross-interference， while the CO signal was subject to weak interference from CH₄. Therefore， the excitation laser was selected as a distributed feedback laser （DFB） with a center wavelength of 2334 nm. Since the optical power of DFB lasers is relatively low， a multi-pass PA cell was utilized to enhance the PA signals of CH

and CO. The multi-pass PA cell consists of a Herriott cell

structure （composed of two concave mirrors） and a differential PA cell. The differential PA cell was used to reduce in-phase noise. The structural parameters were optimized through simulation. After the optimization， the radii of curvature of the two concave mirrors were both 250 mm， and the distance between them was 164 mm. The resonant tubes of the multi-pass PA cell， which restricted the multi-pass light path， were 110 mm long and 3 mm in radius. In the optimized multi-pass PA cell， the incident beam experienced a total of 29 reflections， increasing the interaction distance between the incident light and the gas to approximately 30 times the mirror spacing. By controlling the incident angle of the beam using an optical fiber collimator， the simulated 29 reflections were achieved. According to the PAS theory， the PA signal is influenced by the relaxation rate of the gas to be tested. Thus， the slower relaxation rate of CO molecules leads to a weakening of the PA signal of CO. In the dissolved gas components of oil， H₂O can accelerate the de-excitation process of CO， thereby improving the PA signal. Therefore， in order to maintain the stability of the photoacoustic signal， a humidifier was used to maintain the water vapor concentration in the gas to be tested at 18000 μL/L. To eliminate the influence of temperature fluctuations on the resonant frequency， a heating resistor was used to maintain the temperature of the photoacoustic cell at 40 ℃. Electric microphones were used to detect the photoacoustic pressure wave generated inside the multi-pass PA cell. After lock-in amplification and signal processing， the concentration of the gas to be tested was determined. CO and CH

were filled into a differential photoacoustic cell at concentrations of 100 μL/L， respectively， and the laser was subjected to frequency and current scans.Analysis of the measured data revealed that the resonant frequency of the photoacoustic cell was 1478 Hz， and the optimal bias currents for CH

and CO was 112.1 and 10

8.2 mA， respectively. Furthermore， each 100 μL/L of CH

generated approximately 5.6 μL/L of cross-interference with CO. After measuring the responsivity and noise levels of CH

and CO， the minimum detection limits （MDL） of 123 nL/L for CH

and 273 nL/L for CO were obtained. The response times for 100 μL/L CO and 100 μL/L CH

are 14 s and 11 s， respectively.The MDLs and response times of the system validate its high sensitivity and fast response capabilities.

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Keywords

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⁰

High-sensitivity laser-photoacoustic spectroscopy for the detection of dissolved CH4 and CO in oil based on a single laser

DOI：10.3788/gzxb20265508.0830001

摘要

Abstract

关键词

Keywords

references

High-sensitivity laser-photoacoustic spectroscopy for the detection of dissolved CH₄ and CO in oil based on a single laser