Based on two-phase flow theory

an Eulerian method was presented to numerically simulate supercooled droplets impinging on a wing.The governing equations for droplets in three-dimensional application were established according to the droplet pseudo-fluid model.A permeable wall was proposed to simulate the droplets' impingement on the wing.The local collection efficiency and impingement area were obtained from the solution of the droplets' flowfield.The computational results of an ONERA M6 wing indicate that

the simulation method presented is feasible and effective

laying a foundation for numerical simulation about ice accretions in three-dimensional application.