1.中国人民解放军空军军医大学 空军特色医学中心, 北京 100142
2.北京航空航天大学 交通科学与工程学院, 北京 100191
柯鹏(1979-), 男, 博士, 教授。 E-mail: p.ke@buaa.edu.cn
收稿:2026-02-26,
修回:2026-07-02,
网络首发:2026-07-29,
移动端阅览
赵彦鹏,段朝钧,廖扬,等. 航空维修人因差错分析分类模型的改进与应用[J]. 航空工程进展.
ZHAO Yanpeng,DUAN Chaojun,LIAO Yang, et al. Improvement and application of a classification model for human error analysis in aviation maintenance[J]. Advances in Aeronautical Science and Engineering.(in Chinese)
航空维修人因差错是影响航空安全的重要因素,传统航空维修人因差错分析与分类模型(HFACS-ME)在维修文化、认知差错等致因维度存在覆盖局限,对行业实际问题解释力不足。为了对传统HFACS-ME 模型进行改进,提升其对航空维修安全问题的解析能力,通过对NASA航空安全报告系统2009—2024年的 1 084起航空维修事故征候数据的研究分析,统计分析识别出传统HFACS-ME模型在维度覆盖方面的缺陷,并构建改进的HFACS-ME模型,新增“维修文化”“认知/感知差错”分类并细化环境干扰因素,并采用自然语言处理与结构方程模型对改进模型的有效性进行验证。结果表明:新增的“维修文化”缺陷在事故中占比达15.1%,“认知/感知差错”占36.5%,“环境干扰”因素占13.0%;改进模型显著提升了航空维修事故根因的识别精度,在文化因素与动态认知风险的分析中表现出更强的解释力,可为航空安全管理提供更系统的干预框架。
Human error in aviation maintenance is a critical factor affecting aviation safety. The traditional Human Factors Analysis and Classification System-Maintenance Extension (HFACS-ME) has coverage gaps in causal dimensions such as organizational safety culture and cognitive errors, resulting in insufficient explanatory power for practical industry issues. This study focuses on human error analysis in aviation maintenance, aiming to improve the traditional HFACS-ME model and enhance its analytical capability for aviation maintenance safety problems. Based on 1,084 aviation maintenance incident datasets from NASA's Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) from 2009 to 2024, statistical analysis is conducted to identify the dimensional coverage gaps of the traditional HFACS-ME model. Targeted improvements are made to the HFACS-ME framework: new categories of organizational safety culture and cognitive/perceptual errors are introduced, and environmental interference factors are refined. Meanwhile, natural language processing and structural equation modeling are adopted to verify the validity of the improved model. The validation results indicate that deficiencies in the newly added organizational safety culture account for 15.1% of accidents, cognitive/perceptual errors account for 36.5%, and environmental interference factors account for 13.0%. The improved model significantly enhances the accuracy of root cause identification for aviation maintenance accidents, and exhibits stronger explanatory power particularly in the analysis of cultural factors and dynamic cognitive risks. The study concludes that the improved HFACS-ME model elevates its overall explanatory power by integrating cultural dimensions and technological ecological factors, provides a more systematic intervention framework for aviation safety management.
Tong E K , Feng R P , Tang J W . Human errors study based on the professionalization of social division [C]// Proceedings of the 2017 7th International Conference on Education, Management, Computer and Society (EMCS 2017) . Shenyang, China : Atlantis Press , 2017 : 1 - 9 .
Reason J . Managing the risks of organizational accidents [M]. London, UK : Routledge , 1990 .
Shappell S A , Wiegmann D A . The human factors analysis and classification system-HFACS: DOT/FAA/AM-00/7 [R]. Washington, DC : U.S. Department of Transportation, FAA , 2000 .
Rashid H S J , Place C S , Braithwaite G R . Helicopter maintenance error analysis: Beyond the third order of the HFACS-ME [J]. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics , 2010 , 40 ( 6 ): 636 - 647 .
孙志强 , 史秀建 , 李欣欣 , 等 . 基于认知模型的人为差错分类方法 [J]. 国防科技大学学报 , 2008 , 30 ( 1 ): 73 - 77, 93 .
Sun Zhiqiang , Shi Xiujian , Li Xinxin , et al . A framework for classifying human errors based on cognitive model [J]. Journal of National University of Defense Technology , 2008 , 30 ( 1 ): 73 - 77, 93 . (in Chinese)
Braun M , Schmidt A . NLP-HFACS: Automated risk signal extraction from maintenance logs using BERT [J]. Advanced Engineering Informatics , 2024 , 60 : 102312 .
Airbus . Neuro-HFACS: Cognitive load threshold detection via EEG in aircraft maintenance: TR-2024-007 [R]. Toulouse, France : Airbus , 2023 .
Bohrey R , Kumar S , Lee J . HFACS-ME+: a dynamic framework for maintenance error analysis in smart MRO [J]. Reliability Engineering & System Safety , 2024 , 241 : 108768 .
Wu X , Chen L , Wang H . HFACS-SD: A system dynamics approach for aviation maintenance risk prediction [J]. Safety Science , 2023 , 158 : 105939 .
Olaganathan R , Smith T . Markov-HFACS: A stochastic model for human error state transition in maintenance tasks [J]. IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems , 2024 , 54 ( 2 ): 213 - 221 .
Cohen J , Fleming K . Integrating HFACS-ME and CREAM for aviation accident analysis: A case study of SpaceX ground operations [J]. Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance , 2015 , 86 ( 9 ): 789 - 796 .
罗晓利 . 人因(HF)事故与事故征候分类标准及近十二年 中国民航HF事故与事故征候的分类统计报告 [J]. 中国安全科学学报 , 2002 , 12 ( 5 ): 55 - 62 .
Luo Xiaoli . Categorization norm for human factor accidents and accidental signs and the statistics of China civil aviation in recent twelve years [J]. China Safety Science Journal , 2002 , 12 ( 5 ): 55 - 62 . (in Chinese)
FAA . Human factors guidelines for aircraft maintenance manuals: AC 120-77B [S]. US : FAA , 2024 .
International Air Transport Association . Global aviation maintenance human factors survey 2024: GAM-HF-2024 [R]. Montreal, Geneva : International Air Transport Association , 2024 .
刘凤强 , 孙志强 , 谢红卫 , 等 . 航空维修人为差错影响因素分析中的模糊层次分析法 [J]. 中国安全科学学报 , 2008 , 18 ( 7 ): 43 - 48 .
Liu Fengqiang , Sun Zhiqiang , Xie Hongwei , et al . Analysis of human error influence factors in aviation maintenance based on group fuzzy analytical hierarchy process [J]. China Safety Science Journal , 2008 , 18 ( 7 ): 43 - 48 . (in Chinese)
武耀罡 , 徐建新 , 马超 , 等 . 基于改进HFACS的飞机维护维修人为因素分析 [J]. 中国民航大学学报 , 2018 , 36 ( 5 ): 43 - 47 .
Wu Yaogang , Xu Jianxin , Ma Chao , et al . Human factors analyses in aircraft MRO based on improved HFACS [J]. Journal of Civil Aviation University of China , 2018 , 36 ( 5 ): 43 - 47 . (in Chinese)
陈勇刚 . 风险矩阵在民航机务维修质量风险管理中的应用 [J]. 工业工程与管理 , 2014 , 19 ( 1 ): 138 - 142 .
Chen Yonggang . Application of risk matrix in civil aviation maintenance quality risk management [J]. Industrial Engineering and Management , 2014 , 19 ( 1 ): 138 - 142 . (in Chinese)
李孟杰 , 孙瑞山 . 基于认知可靠性的飞行差错影响因素体系的构建 [J]. 中国安全生产科学技术 , 2013 , 9 ( 12 ): 148 - 154 .
Li Mengjie , Sun Ruishan . Establishment of impact factor system for flight error based on cognitive reliability [J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology , 2013 , 9 ( 12 ): 148 - 154 . (in Chinese)
陈高杰 , 杨晖 . 基于HFACS的航空器维修不安全行为研究和应用 [J]. 航空维修与工程 , 2022 ( 3 ): 66 - 68 .
Chen Gaojie , Yang Hui . Research and application of aviation maintenance unsafe act based on HFACS [J]. Aviation Maintenance & Engineering , 2022 ( 3 ): 66 - 68 . (in Chinese)
贺鹏程 . 人的可靠性分析方法及其在军事活动中的应用 [J]. 舰船电子工程 , 2011 , 31 ( 12 ): 25 - 29 .
He Pengcheng . Human reliability analysis methods and the application in military activities [J]. Ship Electronic Engineering , 2011 , 31 ( 12 ): 25 - 29 . (in Chinese)
0
浏览量
0
下载量
0
CSCD
关联资源
相关文章
相关作者
相关机构
京公网安备11010602201714号