低轨巨星座网络路由技术综述与展望

于泓源; 张贤; 周家恩; 李学华

doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.DXKX260252

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低轨巨星座网络路由技术综述与展望

综述 | 更新时间：2026-09-29

- 低轨巨星座网络路由技术综述与展望
- Overview and outlook on routing technologies in LEO mega-constellation networks
- 电信科学 2026年
- 作者机构：
  
  1.北京信息科技大学信息与通信工程学院北京 102206
  2.北京信息科技大学现代测控技术教育部重点实验室北京 102206
  3.北京邮电大学网络与交换技术全国重点实验室北京 100876
- 作者简介：
  
  于泓源（2002- ），男，北京信息科技大学硕士研究生，研究方向为低轨卫星通信网络智能路由和强化学习等。
  张贤（1992-），男，博士，讲师、硕士生导师，研究方向为非地面无线网络和通感算融合等。
  周家恩（2001-），男，博士生，研究方向为卫星通感算一体化技术等。
  李学华（1977-），女，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为智能无线通信与计算。
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金资助项目(62401066)
- DOI：10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.DXKX260252
  中图分类号： TN927
- 收稿：2026-04-22，
  
  修回：2026-08-20，
  
  录用：2026-09-01，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
于泓源, 张贤, 周家恩, 等. 低轨巨星座网络路由技术综述与展望[J/OL]. 电信科学, 2026.

YU Hongyuan, ZHANG Xian, ZHOU Jiaen, et al. Overview and outlook on routing technologies in LEO mega-constellation networks[J/OL]. Telecommunications Science, 2026.
于泓源, 张贤, 周家恩, 等. 低轨巨星座网络路由技术综述与展望[J/OL]. 电信科学, 2026. DOI： 10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.DXKX260252.

YU Hongyuan, ZHANG Xian, ZHOU Jiaen, et al. Overview and outlook on routing technologies in LEO mega-constellation networks[J/OL]. Telecommunications Science, 2026. DOI： 10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.DXKX260252.

摘要

随着卫星互联网业务量的快速增长与卫星发射成本的持续降低，低地球轨道卫星网络部署呈现巨型化与智能化趋势。传统地面网络与小规模星座网络路由技术通常基于静态或准静态拓扑，难以应对低轨巨星座网络拓扑高动态时变导致的信令泛洪与路由收敛滞后挑战。针对上述问题，首先从面向不同业务类型的角度对低轨巨星座路由技术进行了分类与最新研究进展综述；然后对比分析了三种低轨巨星座网络路由管控架构，同时针对星载资源受限与智能路由模型协同训练难度大的挑战，介绍了一种基于分布式云构建的分层分布式路由管控架构与智能路由方法；接着总结了ITU、3GPP、IEEE与IETF等标准化组织围绕卫星网络路由技术的相关标准化工作，并从软件仿真、半实物仿真及在轨验证三个方面综述了相关仿真验证。最后从跨域协同路由、天基算力路由与巨星座可信路由三个方面对低轨巨星座网络路由技术进行了展望，以期为低轨巨星座网络路由技术的理论研究与实际部署提供参考。

Abstract

With the rapid growth of satellite internet traffic and the continuous decline in satellite launch costs

the deployment of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks is trending toward mega-constellations and intelligent systems. Traditional ground-based network and small-scale constellation routing technologies are typically based on static or quasi-static topologies

making it difficult to address the challenges of signaling flooding and routing convergence delays caused by the highly dynamic

time-varying topologies of LEO mega-constellations. To address these issues

this paper first classifies LEO mega-constellation routing technologies according to different service types and reviews the latest research progress. It then conducts a comparative analysis of three routing control architectures for LEO mega-constellation networks. Furthermore

to address the challenges posed by limited on-board resources and the difficulty of collaborative training for intelligent routing models

the paper introduces a hierarchical

distributed

intelligent routing control architecture and routing method based on a distributed cloud. Next

this paper summarizes the standardization efforts of organizations such as ITU

3GPP

IEEE

and IETF regarding satellite network routing technologies

and reviews relevant simulation and verification work from three aspects: software simulation

hardware-in-the-loop simulation

and in-orbit verification. Finally

the paper explores the development trends and technical challenges of LEO mega-constellation network routing technology from three perspectives: cross-domain collaborative routing

space-based computing power routing

and trusted routing for mega-constellations

with the aim of providing a reference for both theoretical research and practical deployment of LEO mega-constellation network routing technology.

关键词

Keywords

references

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