A calibrated simulation model was created in this research and the accuracy and applicability was verified by experiment. This model was used to match the appropriate turbochargers and explore how the diverse pressure ratio distribution affects the engine performance on the whole operating range considering the efficacy of the intercooler and pressure loss in inlet. Based on the objective of minimizing the energy consumption of turbocharging compressors

series of theories were revealed about how to distribute the pressure ratio between two turbochargers

and a matching method was got to optimize the pressure ratio distribution on a certain two-stage turbocharged aircraft piston engine by virtue of research. Results showed the turbochargers had high efficiency under all working condition and kept 7% away from the dangerous margin via the method. This also provided a foundation for further study on the safety of the two-stage turbocharged aircraft piston engine at service ceiling.