In order to consider the effect of turbulence inside the nozzle on fuel spray and flame lift-off length

the turbulence was characterized by the length scale and time scale and added into primary breakup model in the form of weight coefficient

and the secondary breakup process was modified. A mathematical model of fuel spray and combustion was established. The mathematical model was validated by experimental data

and the effect of turbulence term on fuel spray was analyzed. Results indicated that the turbulence term can accelerate the rate of droplet breakup and evaporation

decrease the fuel vapor penetration. The calculation of the flame lift length was based on the fuel atomization model. These models can well predict the flame lift-off length at different conditions of oxygen volume fraction

ambient density

ambient temperature and injection pressure. It also can be found that the effect of turbulence inside the nozzle on flame lift-off length was 9% and 13% at different ambient density and oxygen volume fraction conditions

and the injection pressure and ambient temperature could enhance the influence of turbulence inside nozzle on flame lift-off length.