Aiming at the problem of achieving the reasonable allocation of maintenance tasks for electric multiple unit (EMU) multi-component systems with the limited downtime

a joint decision-making model of multi-component systems considering the dynamic allocation of human resources and opportunistic maintenance was established. Firstly

the opportunistic maintenance was introduced to merge the maintenance timing of each component based on the economic dependence. Secondly

considering the difference of the number of maintenance tasks during opportunistic maintenance

a decision-making method for the number of maintenance personnel was constructed based on personnel employment cost and downtime cost. Finally

the joint decision was made with the opportunity maintenance threshold and the number of maintenance personnel as decision variables and the total maintenance cost as optimization goal. The numerical example analysis shows that

compared with the fixed maintenance personnel maintenance model and the traditional sequential maintenance model

the joint decision-making model constructed in this paper can realize the dynamic configuration of maintenance personnel

and effectively reduce the number of maintenance personnel employment and the number of system downtime

and save total maintenance cost. This model further improves the maintenance economy of traditional opportunistic maintenance

and can provide certain theoretical support for the maintenance decision of EMU systems.