发动机铝合金缸体螺纹孔拧紧过程中的应力与变形分析

邓伟; 但林坪; 雷基林; 贾德文; 侯飞; 张勇

doi:10.13433/j.cnki.1003-8728.20240014

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发动机铝合金缸体螺纹孔拧紧过程中的应力与变形分析

更新时间：2026-04-23

- 发动机铝合金缸体螺纹孔拧紧过程中的应力与变形分析
- Stress and Deformation Analysis in Tightening of Threaded Hole of Aluminum Alloy Cylinder Block of Engine
- 机械科学与技术 2026年45卷第2期页码：324-337
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 昆明理工大学机构云南省内燃机重点实验室,昆明,650500
  2. 云南西仪工业股份有限公司,昆明,650114
  3. 成都正恒动力股份有限公司,成都,610500
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "邓伟，教授级高工，学士，" ]
  [ "雷基林，教授，博士生导师，" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  云南省重大科技专项（202202AB080011）
- DOI：10.13433/j.cnki.1003-8728.20240014
  中图分类号：
- 纸质出版：2026
- 稿件说明：
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邓伟, 但林坪, 雷基林, 等. 发动机铝合金缸体螺纹孔拧紧过程中的应力与变形分析[J]. 机械科学与技术, 2026,45(2):324-337.

邓伟, 但林坪, 雷基林, et al. Stress and Deformation Analysis in Tightening of Threaded Hole of Aluminum Alloy Cylinder Block of Engine[J]. Mechanical Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineering, 2026, 45(2): 324-337.
邓伟, 但林坪, 雷基林, 等. 发动机铝合金缸体螺纹孔拧紧过程中的应力与变形分析[J]. 机械科学与技术, 2026,45(2):324-337. DOI： 10.13433/j.cnki.1003-8728.20240014.

邓伟, 但林坪, 雷基林, et al. Stress and Deformation Analysis in Tightening of Threaded Hole of Aluminum Alloy Cylinder Block of Engine[J]. Mechanical Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineering, 2026, 45(2): 324-337. DOI： 10.13433/j.cnki.1003-8728.20240014.

摘要

发动机缸体与缸盖通过螺栓连接，缸体螺纹孔为轻量化材质，采用钢质螺栓拧紧时，其螺纹孔的应力与变形对缸体缸盖连接有着重要影响，进而影响发动机的运行可靠性。为此建立考虑详细螺纹的铝合金缸体螺纹连接精细有限元模型，可用于模拟实际拧紧过程，讨论铝合金缸体螺纹孔拧紧时应力与变形分布状态。利用该模型分析了螺纹孔壁厚对紧固扭矩与紧固轴力之间关系的影响；分析了螺纹孔壁厚和紧固扭矩对缸体螺纹孔拧紧时应力与变形的影响。结果表明：壁厚对紧固轴力影响不显著。当壁厚与螺纹中径比值Φ/D2≥0.455时，内螺纹各螺纹牙根部和啮合第一螺纹横截面的应力分别随螺纹牙序号和径向半径呈单相指数型衰减。减小壁厚增大了螺纹孔应力集中区域和螺纹牙综合变形量。在铝合金缸体螺纹孔拧紧过程中啮合第一螺纹等效应力达到其材料抗拉强度的27.7% ~ 34.2%时出现相对明显的塑性变形；螺纹孔塑性变形主要集中在螺牙根部，呈W型分布。基于研究结果，建议铝合金缸体螺纹孔壁厚与螺纹中径比值不小于0.455。

Abstract

The cylinder block of engine is connected with the cylinder head by bolts. The threaded holes of the cylinder block are made by using the lightweight material.When tightening with steel bolts

the stress and deformation of the threaded holes have an important impact on the cylinder block and head connection

which in turn affect the operational reliability of engine. Therefore

the fine finite element model for threaded connection of the aluminum alloy cylinder block considering the detailed thread was established. It was used to simulate the actual tightening process. The stress and deformation distribution state of the threaded hole of the aluminum alloy cylinder block were discussed. The influence of the wall thickness of the threaded hole on the relationship between the tightening torque and the bolt load was analyzed with the present model. Finally

the effects of the wall thickness and tightening torque of threaded hole on the stress and deformation in the tightening of threaded holes of cylinder block were analyzed. The results show that the wall thickness has no significant effect on the bolt load. When the ratio of wall thickness to threadedpitch diameter Φ/D2≥0.455

the stress of the root of each thread and the cross-section of the first thread decayed exponentially with the serial number of the thread and the radial radius

respectively. Reducing the wall thickness increases the stress concentration area of the threaded hole and the comprehensive deformation of the thread.In the tightening the threaded hole of the aluminum alloy cylinder block

when the equivalent stress of the first thread reaches 27.7 to 34.2 percent of the tensile strength

relatively obvious plastic deformation occurs.The plastic deformation of threaded hole is mainly concentrated at the root of the thread and is distributed in a W-shape. According to the research results

it is recommended that the ratio of the wall thickness of the threaded hole of the aluminum alloy cylinder block to the threaded pitch diameter is notless than 0.455.

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