《筹海图编》中的火器图像研究

高菁泽; 冯震宇

doi:10.3724/j.issn.1674-4969.20250171

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《筹海图编》中的火器图像研究

工程史 | 更新时间：2026-06-11

- 《筹海图编》中的火器图像研究
- A Study of Firearm Images in the Chouhai Tubian
- 工程研究——跨学科视野中的工程 2026年页码：1-13
- 作者机构：
  
  山西大学科学技术史研究所，太原 030006
- 作者简介：
  
  高菁泽（2001—），女，硕士研究生, 研究方向为火器史。E-mail: 957362656@qq.com*
  冯震宇（1983—），男，教授, 研究方向为军事技术史。E-mail: fengzhenyu@sxu.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  国家社科基金冷门“绝学”和国别史研究项目“明清稀见火器技术文献整理与研究”(19VJX157)
- DOI：10.3724/j.issn.1674-4969.20250171
  中图分类号： N91;K304;TJ03;TB23
- CSTR：32282.14.JES.20250171
- 收稿：2025-12-19，
  
  修回：2026-03-24，
  
  网络首发：2026-06-10，
- 稿件说明：
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高菁泽,冯震宇.《筹海图编》中的火器图像研究[J].工程研究——跨学科视野中的工程,

GAO Jingze,FENG Zhenyu.A Study of Firearm Images in the Chouhai Tubian[J].Journal of Engineering Studies,
高菁泽,冯震宇.《筹海图编》中的火器图像研究[J].工程研究——跨学科视野中的工程, DOI：10.3724/j.issn.1674-4969.20250171. CSTR： 32282.14.JES.20250171.

GAO Jingze,FENG Zhenyu.A Study of Firearm Images in the Chouhai Tubian[J].Journal of Engineering Studies, DOI：10.3724/j.issn.1674-4969.20250171. CSTR： 32282.14.JES.20250171.

摘要

《筹海图编》作为明代重要的海防专著，其收录的火器图像在中西军事技术交流与视觉表达上具有独特价值。本文立足于图像与文献互证的研究路径，系统梳理了该书从嘉靖初刻至清初文渊阁本的版本流变，揭示了不同时期刊刻特征对图像风格的影响。研究重点聚焦于书中“佛郎机”与“鸟铳”两类核心火器的图样，通过与《神器谱》《武备志》等文献的对比，考辨了其在形制描绘、零件分解上的技术细节与局限。文章进一步从绘者身份、受众需求及书籍传播机制三个维度，深入剖析了图样在绘制与流传过程中产生失真与误差的多重原因。研究表明，晚明军事图籍的图像演变不仅是技术记录的过程，更是绘图者技艺、使用者经验与出版传播环境共同作用的复杂产物。

Abstract

The firearms introduced from the West mainly included the Frankish Gun

the Bird-beak Gun

etc. By focusing on the patterns of these firearms as the main line

one can more intuitively understand the appearance and structure of the firearms. This is complemented by the text

and the characteristics of the patterns during this period are analyzed. The actual patterns themselves are taken as direct evidence to describe and explain the structure of the firearms

the differences in the patterns of the same military treatise in different versions

etc

. The characteristics of the patterns during this period are analyzed

taking into account factors such as the artist

the engraver

the reader

and the craftsman

to analyze the reasons for the errors and summarize the pattern system of this period. The firearms patterns are placed in a specific historical and social context to achieve the purpose of directly or indirectly confirming the history.

The discussion is mainly carried out through the following two research methods

and attempts are made to make certain breakthroughs and innovations in the research perspective. The first: By using the literature analysis method

various literature carriers related to firearms in the Ming Dynasty are sorted out

and their drawing intentions and expression techniques are examined. The technical cognition

military thought

cultural concepts and political intentions behind the fire weapon patterns are explored

and then the characteristics of the fire weapon patterns in the Ming Dynasty and their historical roles in the construction and dissemination of military knowledge are systematically expounded. The second: By using the comparative research method

comparisons are made from both horizontal and vertical dimensions. At the horizontal level

the drawing forms of the same type of fire weapon in different military books and the writings of different authors are compared and contrasted to analyze the differences in details and style characteristics. At the vertical level

the fire weapon illustrations in different editions of the same military book are carefully examined to investigate the phenomena of modification

addition

deletion and reconstruction in each edition.

Chouhai Tubian

is a comprehensive work on military technology during the mid-to-late Ming Dynasty. The images of firearms in this book vary significantly with the changes in editions

reflecting the changes in printing techniques and aesthetic preferences in different eras. Although the new-style firearm illustrations in the book have some issues of simplification and distortion

they have established an early framework for understanding Western firearms

providing image models for later military treatises

and the deviations in the illustrations also reflect the complexity and limitations of the dissemination of ancient military knowledge.

The gunpowder patterns of the late Ming Dynasty were an important carrier of cultural exchanges between China and the West as well as military technolog

ical innovation. Their evolutionary trajectory not only reflects the specific path of technology dissemination

but also reveals the social structure and academic atmosphere of the late Ming Dynasty. This study

through a systematic review and analysis of the gunpowder patterns in

Chouhai Tubian

provides useful references for understanding the development laws of ancient Chinese military technology and the interactive relationship between images and history.

关键词

Keywords

references

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