1.电子科技大学 电子科学与工程学院, 成都 611731
2.电子科技大学 光电融合毫米波太赫兹重点学科与技术研究中心, 成都 611731
姜昊,jianghao@uestc.edu.cn
李沫,limo@uestc.edu.cn
张健,jianzhang@uestc.edu.cn
收稿:2025-11-30,
修回:2026-01-17,
录用:2026-01-20,
纸质出版:2026-03-25
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姜昊,唐玉倩,张心怡,等. 光电融合微波毫米波相控阵天线技术:三类典型架构综述(特邀)[J].光子学报,2026,55(3):0355104
JIANG Hao, TANG Yuqian, ZHANG Xinyi, et al. Photonic-enabled Microwave/millimeter-wave Phased Array Antennas: A Review of Three Typical Architectures (Invited)[J]. Acta Photonica Sinica, 2026, 55(3):0355104
姜昊,唐玉倩,张心怡,等. 光电融合微波毫米波相控阵天线技术:三类典型架构综述(特邀)[J].光子学报,2026,55(3):0355104 DOI: 10.3788/gzxb20265503.0355104. CSTR: 32255.14.gzxb20265503.0355104.
JIANG Hao, TANG Yuqian, ZHANG Xinyi, et al. Photonic-enabled Microwave/millimeter-wave Phased Array Antennas: A Review of Three Typical Architectures (Invited)[J]. Acta Photonica Sinica, 2026, 55(3):0355104 DOI: 10.3788/gzxb20265503.0355104. CSTR: 32255.14.gzxb20265503.0355104.
相控阵天线波束可控性强,调控速度快,是雷达、通信等无线电系统的关键技术之一。随着无线电系统向高频率和大带宽方向发展,相控阵天线面临通道串扰加剧、高频段电磁波损耗增加、波束倾斜严重等挑战。相较于传统电子学技术,光子学技术具有抗干扰性强、损耗低、带宽大等显著特点,通过光域调控电磁波有望突破传统电子学相控阵的性能瓶颈。与此同时,硅基光电子集成技术的发展进一步促进了光子技术在微波、毫米波相控阵中的应用。本文重点围绕光延时相控阵、激光空馈相控阵及光控超表面天线三种典型光电融合微波毫米波相控阵天线,分析其中关键技术,并综述其相关研究进展。最后,对光电集成技术在光电融合相控阵天线领域的发展前景进行了展望。
Phased array antennas, renowned for their capability to flexibly control spatially radiated electromagnetic waves, are widely used in fields such as communications, detection, and electronic warfare. As system demands for higher gain and broader operating bandwidth continue to increase, phased array antennas are evolving toward larger scales and higher operating frequencies.
Photonics technology exhibits notable advantages including strong resistance to electromagnetic interference, low transmission loss, and large operating bandwidth, offering new possibilities for further enhancing the performance of phased array antennas. By integrating optical and electromagnetic waves and leveraging the flexible control of optical parameters such as delay and intensity, it has become an important direction for the development of microwave and millimeter-wave phased array antennas. Within the framework of optoelectronic integration, relevant technical approaches can be categorized into three typical implementations: optical true-time-delay phased arrays, laser-space-fed phased arrays, and optically controlled metasurface antennas. The first two focus on providing high-precision time delay in the optical domain or through optical links, while the latter employs optical means to dynamically control the electromagnetic response of metasurface units.
Specifically, optical true-time-delay phased arrays utilize the large tuning range and low-loss characteristics of optical delay lines to achieve real-time delay control in the optical domain, effectively mitigating beam squint issues during wideband, large-angle scanning, thereby supporting beamforming and steering of wideband signals. Laser-space-fed phased arrays leverage the low-crosstalk nature of laser carriers to transmit optically carried microwave and millimeter-wave signals to radiating elements via free-space optical links, offering the potential to simplify complex electrical interconnections in large-scale arrays and providing a new technical pathway for implementing high-frequency, large-scale phased arrays. Optically controlled metasurface antennas retain the advantages of electronic metasurfaces, such as low cost and easy integration, while introducing light as an additional control dimension to enhance flexible beam manipulation. Moreover, thanks to the good penetration of light in underwater environments, this technology shows potential for future integrated space-air-ground-sea systems. It is worth noting that the rapid development of optoelectronic integration technology is driving continuous improvements in the performance, integration level, and cost-effectiveness of photonic devices. This lays a solid foundation for the miniaturization, integration, and weight reduction of optoelectronically integrated phased array systems, and also points to important technical directions for addressing the limitations in array scale.
This paper focuses on optoelectronically integrated microwave and millimeter-wave phased array antenna technology, with emphasis on the three typical architectures mentioned above: optical true-time-delay phased arrays, laser-space-fed phased arrays, and optically controlled metasurface antennas. It outlines their key technologies and development trajectories, reviews representative research progress, and, on this basis, analyzes and prospects the future application potential of optoelectronic integration technology in the field of optoelectronically converged phased arrays.
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